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Dietary Assessment Literature Review:
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Literature Review:
Abbreviations List
Common Abbreviations Used in the NCS Dietary Assessment Literature Review
| 24HR |
24-hour recall |
| B6 |
vitamin B6 |
| BF |
breastfed |
| BM |
breast milk |
| BMI |
body mass index |
| BMR |
basal metabolic rate |
| BP |
blood pressure |
| Ca |
calcium |
| CHO |
carbohydrate |
| CSFII |
Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals |
| Cu |
copper |
| DH |
diet history |
| DLW |
doubly labeled water |
| DO |
direct observation |
| DEXA |
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| EE |
energy expenditure |
| EFA |
essential fatty acids |
| EI |
energy intake |
| EI:BMI |
energy intake to body mass index ratio |
| EI:REE |
energy intake to resting energy expenditure ratio |
| EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency |
| F/V |
fruits and vegetables |
| F |
female |
| Fe |
iron |
| FF |
formula fed |
| FFQ |
food frequency questionnaire |
| FNS |
Food and Nutrition Service |
| FR |
food record |
| FV |
fruits and vegetables |
| Hb |
hemoglobin |
| Hct |
hematocrit |
| HDL |
high density lipoprotein |
| HFFQ |
Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| Hg |
mercury |
| HH |
household |
| HHHQ |
NCI Health Habits and History Questionnaire |
| HR |
heart rate |
| HS |
high school |
| K |
potassium |
| Kcal (or kcal) |
kilocalorie (= 1000 calories) |
| KJ |
kilojoules (= 1000 joules) |
| LDL |
low density lipoprotein |
| M |
male |
| MCV |
mean corpuscular volume |
| Mg |
magnesium |
| MJ |
millijoules (= 1/1000th joule) |
| MUFA |
monounsaturated fatty acids |
| Na |
sodium |
| NCC protocol |
Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota |
| NDS |
Nutrition Data System from University of Minnesota |
| NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NME sugar |
non-milk extrinisic sugar |
| NS |
not specified |
| P:S ratio |
polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio |
| PAL |
physical activity level |
| PFAT |
percent of calories from fat |
| pp |
postpartum |
| Pro |
protein |
| PSAT |
percent of calories from saturated fat |
| PUFA |
polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Quest |
questionnaire |
| RBC |
red blood cell |
| SD |
standard deviation |
| SES |
socioeconomic status |
| SF |
saturated fat |
| SFA |
saturated fatty acids |
| SML |
small, medium, large |
| Suppls |
supplements |
| TEE |
total energy expenditure |
| US |
United States |
| USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| Vit A |
vitamin A |
| WIC |
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children |
| Zn |
zinc |
Definitions and Abbreviations
Definitions of and abbreviations for dietary assessment methods and reference
methods discussed in this report.(5,6)
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Food records are used to record food intake at the time of
consumption, over a number of days that are not necessarily sequential.
Most studies ask respondents to enter the information on hard copy form,
although tape-recording, bar-coding, and electronic weighing also have been
used to collect descriptive and quantity information.
Weighed FR: The respondent weighs on a small scale all food and beverages
consumed.
Estimated FR: The respondent estimates all food consumed using household
measures or portion size estimating aides.
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Diet History questionnaires are a retrospective assessment
method ascertaining a respondent's "usual" food intake by collecting
descriptive detail and amount information about each food. DHs may include
questions on meal patterns, lists of common foods and groups of generic
food. DH questionnaires are typically administered by a trained interviewer
either in-person or by telephone, but also can be self-reported. |
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The 24HR is a retrospective assessment method in which an
interviewer prompts a respondent to recall and describe all foods and beverages
consumed in the preceding 24 hours or the preceding day. The interview may
be conducted in-person or by telephone and may be paper and pencil or computer
assisted. Portion size estimating aides assist the respondent to recall
amounts consumed. The methodology for conducting the 24HR has evolved during
the last two decades. Among the methods reported are: 3-pass method, 5-pass
method, U.S. Department of Agriculture protocol, University of Minnesota
protocol, Bogalusa Heart Study protocol. |
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) |
The food frequency questionnaire is a retrospective method
asking respondents to report their usual frequency of consumption of each
food from a list of foods for a specific period (several months or a year).
Food lists vary by the purpose of the study and study population. Frequency
of consumption categories also vary by questionnaire but usually include
per day, week, or month.
Semi quantitative FFQ: In this type of FFQ, portion size information
is collected; portion sizes are specified as standardized portions or choice
(range of portions).
Non-quantitative FFQ: Portion size information not collected.
NCI Health Habits and History Questionnaire (HHHQ): Semi-quantitative
FFQ developed at the National Cancer Institute under the direction of Gladys
Block.
Harvard FFQ (HFFQ): FFQ developed at Harvard University by Walter
Willett and colleagues. Portion size information is included as part of
the food item rather than as a separate listing.
NCI Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ): Semi-quantitative FFQ, using
an embedded question approach, developed at the NCI under the direction
of Amy Subar and Fran Thompson (7,8).
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Comprehensive FFQ-type questionnaire designed to supplement
other dietary assessment method. Information on portion size information
is not collected. May provide information on infrequently consumed foods
(9). |
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Intakes are watched and recorded by trained observers. |
Doubly Labeled Water Method (DLW) for
total energy expenditure (TEE) |
The DLW method is used to measure energy expenditure in free-living
subjects. This method involves the administration of water containing enriched
quantities of the stable isotopes deuterium (2H) and oxygen-18
(18O). The label of "doubly" labeled comes from the
fact that both the hydrogen and oxygen are labeled. The oxygen-18 is eliminated
from the body in the form of carbon dioxide (C18O2)
and water (H218O), and the deuterium is eliminated
in water (2H2O). The difference in elimination rate
between these two isotopes is a measure of carbon dioxide production. Carbon
dioxide production can then be used to calculate energy expenditure by use
of standard equations for indirect calorimetry (3).
The DLW method has been shown to be accurate to 1%, with within-subject
precision of 5 to 8% (10).
Because the method is expensive and analysis requires specialized, expensive
equipment, it cannot be considered routine. However, the method is widely
available and is being applied to dietary assessment validations with sample
sizes ranging from 20 to 500 (10). |
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Dietary assessment method being validated. |
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Method against which the TM is being compared and validated. |
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